Compare and Contrast “To Room Nineteen” and “Death by Landscape” Essay

In the short stories â€Å"To Room Nineteen† by Doris Lessing and â€Å"Death By Landscape† by Margaret Atwood, two women find themselves isolated from the world and the people around them. This paper will compare and contrast each story to show that although both female protagonists are isolated by their circumstances, their individual responses to their circumstances are very different. In â€Å"To Room Nineteen† Susan’s isolation is caused by a number of factors: society and the time she lives in, an unfaithful husband in a broken marriage, and her own inability to deal with her unhappy life. â€Å"†¦She knew he had been unfaithful because of his sullen air, and his glances at her, similar to hers at him: What is that I share with this person that shields all delight from me?† (p. 871) Susan feels trapped by her life and her family, and plagued by her husband’s infidelity and the knowledge that this social norm which she must learn to accept. In â€Å"Death by Landscape† Lois’ isolation is from the fact she is left with no family. Her sons have grown up and left home and she is a widow. This leaves her with no one to support or care for her. â€Å"While Rob was alive, while the boys were growing up, she could pretend she didn’t hear it, this empty space in sound. But now there is nothing much left to distract her.† (p. 35) Lois is tormented by her past rather than her present, the traumatic experience of a childhood friend disappearing has remained with her for a years. In both stories the protagonists share the conflict of the circumstances they live in -oppression from external power. For Lois, she is never able to quite move on from her friend’s disappearance. â€Å"She would never go up North, to Rob’s family cottage or to any place with wild lakes and wild trees and the calls of loons.† (p.35) One of the major factors of her conflict is the result of her childhood camp leader Cappie, trying to unfairly blame her for the death or disappearance of her friend Lucy: â€Å"Didn’t what? Says Cappie softly. Didn’t what, Lois? Lois does the worst thing she begins to cry. Cappie gives her a look like a pounce. She’s got what she wanted.† (p.34) Susan is isolated by her own unhappiness and growing mental instability. She struggles to maintain appearances and live up to societal expectations. â€Å"She said to Matthew in their bedroom: I think there must be something wrong with me.† (p.875) Her husband is no support to her and as he continues to carry on an affair, the distance between them increases, as well as her feelings of isolation. Susan hires a nanny to avoid the responsibilities of her family in order to try and escape them. She finds a room at an anonymous inn, which she uses as reprieve but this only amplifies her feelings of isolation and loneliness. The key difference between the two protagonists is that over time, Lois is able to come to terms with her conflict and learn to accept it. She realizes that her friend’s disappearance is not her fault; the camp leader simply needed someone to blame. For Cappie, the idea of having no explanation for Lucy’s disappearance is simply too much to comprehend. Though the experience still haunts her, Lois tries to move on with her life. Susan, however, falls victim to her conflict. She is unable to cope, when her husband confronts her asking if she is having an affair, she cannot face the prospect of coming to terms with the truth and reality of her life. Seeing no end to her struggles, Susan decides to commit suicide in room 19. Both women are isolated from the world and the people around them due in part to the circumstances of their lives. Although both sets of circumstances are very different, they are the root cause of the conflict of the worlds in which both women seek to remove themselves from. Each character takes a different path that leads ultimately to the difference between life and death.

Economy of the Philippines Essay

The Economy of the Philippines is the 43rd largest in the world, according to 2011 World Bank statistics and it is also one of the emerging markets in the world.[24] According to the CIA Factbook, the estimated 2011 GDP (purchasing power parity) was 391.1 billion.[5] Goldman Sachs estimates that by the year 2050, it will be the 14th largest economy in the world, Goldman Sachs also included the Philippines in its list of the Next Eleven economies. HSBC projects the Philippine economy to become the 16th largest economy in the world, 5th largest economy in Asia and the largest economy in the South East Asian region by 2050.[25] Primary exports include semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. Major trading partners include the United States, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Germany, Taiwan, and Thailand. As a newly industrialized country, the Philippine economy has been transitioning from one based on agriculture to one based more on services and manufacturing. The Philippines is one of the Tiger Cub Economies in Southeast Asia together with Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Contents| Macroeconomic trends See also: Economy of Asia, Economic history of the Philippines (1973–1986), Post-EDSA macroeconomic history of the Philippines, and Economic Crisis and Response in the Philippines The Philippine economy has been growing steadily over decades and the International Monetary Fund in 2011 reported it as the 45th largest economy in the world. However its growth has been behind that of many of its Asian neighbors, the so-called Asian Tigers, nor is it a part of the Group of 20 nations. Instead it is often grouped in a second tier of emerging markets or of newly industrialized countries. Depending upon the analyst, this second tier can go by the name the Next Eleven or the Tiger Cub Economies. It has not suffered from the downturn in the world economy that began in 2007. A chart of selected statistics showing trends in the gross domestic product of the Philippines using data taken from the International Monetary Fund. Composition by sector As a newly industrialized country, the Philippines is still an economy with a large agricultural sector; however, services have come to dominate the economy.[citation needed] Much of the industrial sector is based on processing and assembly operations in the manufacturing of electronics and other high-tech components, usually from foreign multinational corporations. Filipinos who go aboard to work–-known as Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs—are a significant contributor to the economy but are not reflected in the below sectoral discussion of the domestic economy. [edit] Agriculture The agriculture sector makes up 12% of the GDP and employs 33% of the workforce. The type of activity ranges from small subsistence farming and fishing to large commercial ventures with significant export focus, such as major multinational corporations like Dole Food Company and Del Monte Foods. The Philippines is the world’s largest producer of coconuts producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. Coconut production in the Philippines is generally concentrated in medium-sized farms.[30] By 1995, the production of coconut in the Philippines had experienced a 6.5% annual growth and later surpassed Indonesia in total output in the world.[31] The Philippines is also the world’s largest producer of pineapples, with 2,198 thousand metric tons.[32] Rice Production in the Philippines is important to the food supply in the country and economy. The country is the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production.[33] However, the country is also the w orld’s largest rice importer in 2010.[34] Rice is the most important food crop, a staple food in most of the country. It is produced extensively in Luzon, the Western Visayas, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. Shipbuilding and repair The Philippines is a major player in the global shipbuilding industry with shipyards in Subic, Cebu, General Santos City and Batangas.[35][36] It became the fourth largest shipbuilding nation in 2010.[37][38] Subic-made cargo vessels are now exported to countries where shipping operators are based. South Korea’s Hanjin started production in Subic in 2007 of the 20 ships ordered by German and Greek shipping operators.[39] The country’s shipyards are now building ships like bulk carriers, container ships and big passenger ferries. General Santos’ shipyard is mainly for ship repair and maintenance.[40] Being surrounded by waters, the country has abundant natural deep-sea ports ideal for development as production, construction and repair sites. On top of the current operating shipyards, two additional shipyards in Misamis Oriental and Cagayan province are being expanded to support future locators. It has a vast manpower pool of 60,000 certified welders that comprise the bulk of workers in shipbuilding. In the ship repair sector, the Navotas complex in Metro Manila is expected to accommodate 96 vessels for repair.[41] Â  Automotive The ABS used in Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Volvo cars are made in the Philippines. Ford,[42] Toyota,[43] Mitsubishi, Nissan and Honda are the most prominent automakers manufacturing cars in the country.[citation needed] Kia and Suzuki produce small cars in the country. Isuzu also produces SUVs in the country. Honda and Suzuki produce motorcycles in the country. A 2003 Canadian market research report predicted that further investments in this sector were expected to grow in the following years. Toyota sells the most vehicles in the country.[44] By 2011, China’s Chery Automobile company is going to build their assembly plant in Laguna, that will serve and export cars to other countries in the region if monthly sales would reach 1,000 units.[45] Â  Aerospace Aerospace products in the Philippines are mainly for the export market and include manufacturing parts for aircraft built by both Boeing and Airbus. British company MOOG, is the biggest aerospace manufacturer with base in Baguio in the Cordillera region. The company produces aircraft actuators in their manufacturing facility. Another British company British Aerospace is to open manufacturing facility in southern Philippines for the manufacture of galleys used in aircraft cabin.[46] In 2011, the total export output of aerospace products in the Philippines reached US $3 billion.[47] Electronics Intel has been in the Philippines for 28 years as a major producer of products, including the Pentium 4 processor. A Texas Instruments plant in Baguio has been operating for 20 years and is the largest producer of DSP chips in the world.[48] Texas Instruments’ Baguio plant produces all the chips used in Nokia cell phones and 80% of chips used in Ericsson cell phones in the world.[49] Until 2005, Toshiba laptops were produced in Santa Rosa, Laguna. Presently the Philippine plant’s focus is in the production of hard disk drives. Printer manufacturer Lexmark has a factory in Mactan in the Cebu region. Â  Mining and extraction The country is rich with mineral and geothermal energy resources. In 2003, it produced 1931 MW of electricity from geothermal sources (27% of total electricity production), second only to the United States,[50] and a recent discovery of natural gas reserves in the Malampaya oil fields off the island of Palawan is already being used to generate electricity in three gas-powered plants. Philippine gold, nickel, copper and chromite deposits are among the largest in the world. Other important minerals include silver, coal, gypsum, and sulphur. Significant deposits of clay, limestone, marble, silica, and phosphate exist. About 60% of total mining production are accounted for by non-metallic minerals, which contributed substantially to the industry’s steady output growth between 1993 and 1998, with the value of production growing 58%. In 1999, however, mineral production declined 16% to $793 million.[citation needed] Mineral exports have generally slowed since 1996. Led by copper cathodes, Philippine mineral exports amounted to $650 million in 2000, barely up from 1999 levels. Low metal prices, high production costs, lack of investment in infrastructure, and a challenge to the new mining law have contributed to the mining industry’s overall decline.[citation needed] The industry rebounded starting in late 2004 when the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of an important law permitting foreign ownership of Philippines mining companies.[citation needed] However, the DENR has yet to approve the revised Department Administrative Order (DAO) that will provide the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Financial and Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA), the specific part of the 1994 Mining Act that allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippines mines.[citation needed] Offshoring and outsourcing According to an IBM Global Location Trends Annual Report, as of December 2010[update] the Philippines has surpassed India as the world leader in business process outsourcing.[51][52] The majority of the top ten BPO firms of the United States operate in the Philippines.[citation needed] Total jobs in the industry grew to 100,000 and total revenues were placed at $960 million for 2005. In 2012, BPO sector employment ballooned to over 700,000 people and is contributing to a growing middle class. BPO facilities are located mainly in Metro Manila and Cebu City although other regional areas such as Baguio, Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro, Clark Freeport Zone, Dagupan, Davao City, Legazpi, Dumaguete, Lipa, Iloilo City, and CamSur are now being promoted and developed for BPO operations. Call centers began in the Philippines as plain providers of email response and managing services and is now a major source of employment. Call center services include customer relations, ranging from travel services, technical support, education, customer care, financial services, online business to customer support, and online business to business support. Business process outsourcing (BPO) is regarded as one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The Philippines is also considered as location of choice due to its less expensive operational and labor costs and high proficiency in spoken English and highly educated labor pool. In 2011, the business process outsourcing industry in the Philippines generated 700 thousand jobs[53] and some US$11 billion in revenue,[54] 24 percent higher than 2010. By 2016, the industry is projected to reach US$27.4 billion in revenue with employment generation to almost double at 1.3 million workers.[55]

Analysis Power of Computers Essay -- Computer Technology

Keywords- Family Similarity Recognition, Facial Feature Extraction, Face Detection, PCA, Image Database. I. INTRODUCTION Over the last thirty years or so, face recognition is an active research area in computer vision and one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding. Different algorithms have been proposed by researchers for solving this problem and many of them are considered as the state of the art. Nowadays, the face recognition problem is not only important in the research area, but it is vital in the commercial applications. A general statement of the face recognition problem can be formulated as follows: Given still or video images of a scene, identify or verify one or more persons in the scene using a stored database of faces. Due to this definition well-known algorithms such as PCA [24], ICA [1], LDA [28], EBGM [27], B... ... middle of paper ... ...e considered for it. For example, humans use terms such as "entire face of person A is similar to person B" or "eyes and eyebrows of person A are similar to person B" or "profile view of person A is similar to person B" to express the similarity criteria between people. With respect to these observations, three features are utilized in the proposed method include: "The Whole Face", "The Facial Features’ Perimeter" and "The Ratio between Facial Features". These features are selected from the frontal and side view images. The facial features’ perimeter includes forehead, eyebrows and eyes, nose, mouth, chin and cheek. The ratios between facial features’ point can be calculated from the distances that are evident in Figure 1. Utilizing ratio instead of distances between the facial features' point eliminates the dependency to the image scale. These ratios are as follow:

Renting an apartment is a better option than buying a house Essay - 3

Renting an apartment is a better option than buying a house - Essay Example There is also the freedom of being able to do whatever one wants with the house, for instance, remodeling, redecoration or making any improvement as he/she wants. Moreover, no one gives the buyer any restrictions (Mortgagecalculator.org, 2011, para1). Buying a house comes with many advantages. To start with, the buyer has tax advantages over the rental apartments. This is so because the interests and taxes can be itemized for deductions of tax. The cost off renting a house can be substantial than the cost of buying one. Again, when the buyer has completed mortgage payment, they can achieve a better credit rating (Mortgagecalculator.org, 2011, para4). When buying or renting a house, one should consider two key principal aspects: the practical matter and the heart matters. Matters of the heart vary from one person to another. One will like a house in urban areas while another will like a house in the rural areas, this are heart matters and can influence the decision to rent or buy. However, the objective is answering the question as to why people should buy houses. According to Lotich (2009), when one buys a house, it acts as an automatic savings plan. This can be demonstrated by the example of when a twenty-five old person gets a thirty-year mortgage; hopefully they will have completed the payment at the age of 55. This means that if one had not saved much for the future, their least concern will be the house payment. The benefit that comes with this plan is that over the 30-years the value of the home is likely to appreciate. He further indicates that a home is an investment that one can live on. Even when home value drops, the house will still offer the advantage of being able to reside in it, different from when one invests in stock markets – such benefits will by no means be provided. The house belongs to the buyer and the most exciting thing is that, there is the ability to customize the house, like painting the walls and

Islamic Banking case Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic Banking case - Term Paper Example Moreover, the fact that the owner of the bank plays a huge role in managing the bank is strength, which makes it possible to analyze the bank’s current position in the market and make management decisions in a quick way. The biggest weakness in the bank regards the vulnerability posed by the lack of knowledge on other products in the market, and especially by competing products. In this regard, it is evident that Sultan does not know the principles and concepts of Islamic Banking, which is a major weakness since the bank is losing customers to other banks that offered products based on these concepts and principles. ABB’s major opportunity for development and growth lies within the bank’s niche market amongst the local community. With proper restructuring of the bank’s policy in banking, the bank can maintain this segment of clientele since locals have been the target market since the bank’s inception. In addition, the CEO, who is also the owner, has a â€Å"substantial inherited personal wealth† that he wishes to reinvest in the bank. In effect, this potential source of capital is essential as the bank seeks to position itself in the competitive banking industry due to the increasing role of Islamic Banking principles and concepts. Finally, the major threat that the bank faces is the increasing role of Islamic Banking, which has made some of ABBs customers switch to banks that offered services based on Islamic Banking principles and concepts. In line with this, the threat posed by Islamic Banking concepts and principles requires a rethinking since the bank is losing existing and potential customers due to its failure to establish Islamic Banking principles and concepts. Hence, this market trend is a threat to the long-term objectives of the bank and the bank can only restructure to accommodate this market trend. Sultan can restructure ABB’s banking structures and systems to accommodate

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business Essay - 2

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business - Essay Example But whether contracts are entered orally or in the written form, they should include the following essential elements for them to be deemed valid: parties capable of contracting, consent of the parties, lawful objects, and consideration (Bhana, Bonthuys, & Nortje, 2009). First and foremost, parties capable of contracting are those of legal age and are not convicted of any crime and thought to have mental or behavioral disorders. Hence anyone, save from the aforementioned exceptions, can enter into contract. In most instances, parties who involve themselves in these legal agreements should provide accurate and sufficient identities: full names, addresses and even titles. In sales contracts, moreover, the terms ‘seller’ and ‘buyer’ are oftentimes designated to the contracting parties (Steingold, 2009). Consent of the parties, which are free, mutual and well-communicated, qualifies for a valid contract. Consent obtained through intimidation, violence, fraud, un due influence and mistake does not make any contract valid. Similarly, consent is not considered mutual unless both parties agree on the same thing in the same sense. Basically, the articulation of an offer and an acceptance from contracting parties are required to make a contract valid (Helewitz, 2010). Furthermore, the thing being referred to in a contract is also called as the object. Objects must be lawful, possible and definite (Helewitz, 2010). Any law of court would not enforce any contract to perform an illegal act. Therefore, disputes in drug deals are not accommodated in legal agencies due to the fact that the contracts concerned are null and void. Of particular importance also in the determination of validity in contracts is consideration: meaning, each party must gain something out of the said agreement (Walston-Dunham, 2008). For example, if someone agreed to repair someone else’s house, and the latter never promised to give anything in return, then the one asked to do the service could not be sued for not showing up because he did not obtain consideration, in this matter. Objective Theory of Contract There are two approaches in deciding whether or not a party has entered into a valid contract. For the most part of legal history, the Subjective Theory of Contract happened to be the universal doctrine. However, during the late nineteenth century, the Objective Theory of Contract had been adopted by majority of lawyers and judges when deciding the merits of a contract dispute case, downplaying the former theory. Essentially, the recent theory upholds that the intention of the parties to a contract or an alleged contract, for that matter, is to be determined from their words and conduct, rather than their unexpressed or supposed intentions. Hence, it eradicates the subjective notion of intention (‘meeting of minds’ concept) which was deemed by most legal experts as vague and prejudicial (â€Å"Objective Theory of Contract,† 2011). But even though the Objective Theory of Contracts applies virtually in all jurisdictions, some aspects of subjectivity are nevertheless existent still. For instance, several strong cases for the nullification contracts are raised via the grounds of mistake or duress, which are practically based upon the subjective beliefs or intentions of one party of another (Farnsworth, 1999). In the ‘Harrier Jet’

(Social Work) Late Adulthood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

(Social Work) Late Adulthood - Essay Example These stages are the physical growth and development, cognitive growth and development and socio-emotional growth and development. That this group or stage of development is sensitive is a matter that scholars and theoreticians readily agree on. According to Erikson model of development, this stage of development can be split into four stages: the infancy stage which starts from childbirth to 18 months, the early childhood stage which begins from 18 months to 3 years, the play age, 3 to 5 years, and the school age, 6 to 12. Erik Erikson’s Model sees the infancy stage as the Oral Sensory Stage wherein the baby tends to feel the environment through the mouth. The importance of this stage is marked by the child either learning to trust or to mistrust, depending on the prevailing circumstances within the environment. At the same time, it is observed that passing successfully through this life’s stage is invitational of an inherent sense of hope and self-drive (Davenport, 19 94, 65). This is then followed by the early childhood age where the outcome of the ego development begins to take shape. It is in this period where the child either becomes courageous or ashamed. The same stage also sees the child develop the knack for making initiatives instead of being accosted by feelings of guilt, if the surroundings are conducive. In the play stage, the initiative vs. guilt plays out. If the child is for instance raised under the tutelage of caretakers or parents who criticise and castigate the child, it may be impossible for the child to gain traits such as purpose and determination (Butler and Hickman, 2011, 22). In the school age period, the child learns to either become industrious or inferior. Eventually, the child gets to become more methodological and competent. It is at this stage that children are able to learn, create and accomplish an array of new skills and knowledge, and thereby developing a sense of

The Distortions in Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Distortions in Global Warming - Essay Example The Distortions in Global Warming According to Spencer Weart (2003), there are scientists who claim that there had been no real global warming trend at all, that the statistics of record-breaking heat since 1970s were illusory. (p. 165) For instance, according to him, expert groups somehow failed to properly account for the well-known effects of urbanization in the temperature fluctuation when they compiled weather statistics. Furthermore, Weart argued that leading climate modelers, those who simulate the earth’s climate and atmosphere, have admitted that there were discrepancies on the tools and methods used and, hence, the results of their procedure. For example, â€Å"their models typically had a strong sensitivity to greenhouse gases, predicting roughly 3 degrees Celsius of global warming for a doubling of CO2†¦ For the known increase of greenhouse gases over the twentieth century, the models calculated a one-degree rise, but the temperature actually recorded had risen half a degree. Another galling problem was that different models gave different predictions for just how global warming would affect a given locality.† (p. 165) Global warming is an exaggerated issue. It is predictably blown out of proportion by the political and professional climate in which it evolved. As previously mentioned, elsewhere in this paper, the prevention of the warming of the earth’s atmosphere is a valid issue. But the propensity of the global warming hype makes a fool out of people and becomes an open entry for political, economic and even media exploitation.

International business management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business management report - Essay Example The involvement of cross functional teams and different stakeholders therefore require project management to be governed in effective manner. This report will also include evidence from the various reports of National Audit Office on the success of implementing Shared Services in UK and will take practical insights from the same. ManCo’s decision to implement a shared service to manage certain business processes will require a systematic approach towards understanding how the overall dynamics of project management work besides how leadership can effectively contribute towards the success of the project. More collaboration needs to be on the development of agile systems which are not overly complex as well as fulfill the requirements of the internal customers of the project. This report will provide analysis and insights into how ManCo can manage the overall project of initiating the required changes in the processes. This report will further discuss about critical issues and p rinciples related with the successful project management. Key Principles of Project Management One of the key principles a project follows is the clear definition of what project is and how much the project manager is actually responsible for. In order to successfully launch the project of managing the shared services across different locations, it is important first to actually define what this project is and what it intends to achieve. Practically, however, project managers fail to clearly define the projects and determine the accountabilities for this. Various reports by National Audit Office (NAO) suggest that failure to clearly identify the purpose of project and who will own it can increase the cost for project managers. Definition of the roles and accountabilities is also another key principle ManCo must first determine. The people involved in the overall project, how cross functional teams will be formed and what will be the role of each member must be defined initially in o rder to avoid conflicts at the later stage. In order to successfully manage all the stakeholders, it is critical therefore that the roles and responsibilities of people to be involved in the overall project.( Brewer,& Strahorn, 2012) Another important and critical principle is the preparation of plan and the discussion of the same with that of the managers. As a project manager, I would therefore focus more on discussing the project and its deliverables and justifying various activities which will be undertaken in order to centralize HR, Finance, Payroll and other activities across different locations. Dissemination of information and properly communicating to all stakeholders is another important principle which needs to be followed. Not informing all the stakeholders involved may create further conflicts of interests and hence the overall governance of the project may become difficult to achieve. National Audit Office in its one of recent reports has suggested that there is a need to have in-house capability along with the business and technical expertise to manage shared services. As such, the project management principles for shared services require that in-house capabilities must be developed rather than outsourcing the shared services. Focus should be on improving the in-house efficiency and to leverage the same with tha

Network Management - Quiz 9 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Management - Quiz 9 - Assignment Example This is supportive when devices are of distant locations possessing varied IP addresses. Furthermore, VPN server provides cost benefits to the organisations operating in the technology sector (Senft, Gallegos & Davis, 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). It is to be affirmed that when the message leaves program X in the form of a packet, the Destination IP field of the packet’s header contained 14 IP fields. In this regard, 13 fields are required to be considered and the 14th field is optional (Senft et al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). When the message leaves program X in the form of a packet, it is worth mentioning that the Destination Port field of the packet’s header comprises destination IP address. It must be mentioned that the packet’s header does not contain any destination name (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). Based on the provided scenario, it can be affirmed that when the message leaves program X in the form of a packet, the payload of the packet is not encrypted. This might be owing to the reason that the server program of Y executed on the application server is deemed to be a readable one (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). With regards to the provided scenario, the program Z could be reckoned as Message Transfer Agent. Message Transfer Agent is a type of software, which transfers electronic messages from one particular device to others (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). After the Message Transfer Agent i.e. Z gets the packet, it will work upon the message transfer process for ensuring that the messages are transmitted from one specific user to others (Senft et. al., 2012; Ray & Acharya, 2004). In the process of message transfer from X to Y, the Message Transfer Agent i.e. Z needs to let the VPN server TO authenticate Alice. In this regard, it is essential that Z must require sending information to Administrative Management Domain (ADMD). ADMD is denoted as Z in the

Fighting cocks Essay Example for Free

Fighting cocks Essay A richly textured social history of Hispaniola†¦ the cock flight is designed to pit equal combatants against each other, and among humans equality is in short supply on Hispaniola. Perhaps this explains why the victorious cock brings glory to his owner yet the victors in the human competition have hardly been inspiring. Kirkus Reviews (January, 1999) There are lots of situations in history when people of power try to use others to fight for the interests which they represent and use them as marionettes or as fighting cocks. We often become witnesses of historical events in which politicians were using ordinary people to fight for their ideals. The idea of the fighting cock is clear to everybody- in a general sense it’s a bird which fights in the arena for the amusement of its owner and as long as the cock wins, it remains alive. Whenever it loses, it gets cooked for the next dinner. Of course, the idea of the fighting cocks in the novel has an allegoric sense but it is hard to imagine any other word which would describe the events going on in the history depicted in the novel with a different term. In order to give a full review of the novel, we are going at first to focus on the main points which it covers, i. e. on the historical period which is depicted in the novel. The main goal of our research is to show how events were going in the period of history which we are analyzing, what contribution Michele Wucker has made to the analysis of the events and what made her work outstanding. We are also going to investigate who were the allegoric fighting cocks in the novel and their owners and how they were trying to achieve their goals by using the fighting cocks. In Michele Wucker’s novel Why the Cocks Fight- Dominicans, Haitians, and the struggle for Hispaniola, a complex exploration of the cultural divide between Haiti and the Dominican Republic is given and the novel focuses on the 1937 massacre which is the central movement in Hispaniola’s history. It appears impossible to understand the essence of the novel without knowing some information about the island Hispaniola which serves as the arena for the fighting cocks in the novel. Investigations show that Hispaniola rises out of the Caribbean between Cuba and Puerto Rico and nowadays still remains a mystery to most North Americans. During the conquest, France and Spain tore the island apart and thus considered themselves a general owner of the island. In a while, the conquerors found themselves no match for the Africans they brought there to work and die in the sugarcane fields. The Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic has diverged considerably from its French-speaking island neighbor but the two nations share more than a porous common border. In order to give a full idea of the differences between those nations, we can give the following information: while in the recent years the Dominican Republic has become a state which a GNP growing faster than GNP of any other Latin country, Haiti remains the poorest country in the Americas. Wucker’s novel focuses on the often tortured relationship between Haitians and Dominicans. They are the cocks which were mentioned in the title of the novel. Those cocks are fighting for territory and power in a cockpit of an island and the stakes are cultural and psychological, sometimes even matters of life and death, in a fight which has been going on for centuries and which brought lots of sorrows to the nations, like any fight. Even though the nations are sharing the same island, they have completely different cultures and thus share different ideals. One nation is French-speaking and black, another one is Spanish-speaking and mulatto. Just as the owners of the fighting cocks contrive battles between the birds, the leaders of Dominican Republic and Haiti often stir up nationalist disputes and exaggerate their cultural difference as a way of deflecting other kinds of turmoil. Even though ordinary people would probably not want to participate in the struggles from their own will and desire, the leaders do their best to force their people to realize that they need to fight for right to rule. The phenomena of Michele Wucker’s book is that the author weavers together the histories and current plights of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. It is not an easy task to depict both historical facts and also the realities of modern times but Michele Wucker has done a very successful job on that. The author unveils the seemingly chaotic yet ritualistic world of Dominicans and Haitians and in her novel moves back and forth from the time of Columbus to the 20th century and through the intervening years to emphasize recurring themes rather than a linear story.

The low growth of women Essay Example for Free

The low growth of women Essay Due to the low growth of women entering in the politics, people all around the world are suggesting different approaches to enhance the growth of women in the political sector. Applying quota system is one of the approaches. The initiation of quotas in legislation for women puts forward a policy of precise means and goals. Due to the system’s affectability and efficiency the masses think that this approach will increase the representation of women in the politics. But these quota systems also face strong resilience and raise very serious questions. How to execute the quota policy? What happened to the countries who adopted the quota systems? What arguments come up for the use of quotas? Justification: The main thought behind using the quota approach is to encourage women to participate more in politics and work in political positions and also see to that the women are not only a few tokens in the political scenario. Quotas ensure that women are entitled to have a specified percentage of the associates in the legislative body, whether it is a committee, an assembly or a government. Quota systems help to raise the representation of women in the political world to ensure that women are not left out or being isolated and are at the every step of the political systems (Niven, 1998). Pros of quota system: ? Quotas will help to minimize the stress faced by the already present token women in the parliament or committee. ? It will help to raise the rights of women as a civilian in the same demonstration. ? The need of women’s experiences in the political life can be filled. ? It will help to represent the qualities and qualifications of women, which are the same as men, in the male dominated society. ? The fact is the political parties nominate the selections, not the voters, who only decide which nominee is elected. ? Conflicts may arise by applying quotas, but it would be temporary and will do a lot of good in the long run in the representation of women in the political frame. Opposing view point: According to Anna Balletbo and many others quotas are considered as double ended swords. Each end gives the male the upper hand over women. At one end, men think to empower the women by involving them in decision making and creating more opportunities for them. But at the other end, the men who are responsible for creating opportunities for women will try to find the women whom they can manage very easily and only allow the specific type of women who accept the domination of man over women (International IDEA, 2007). Cons of quota system: ? Quotas represent unequal opportunity for all as it is not purely based on merit and favors women. ? Quotas also represent an undemocratic atmosphere as the voters are not able to make the decision about who is going to be elected. ? Quotas simply shows that the political candidates are nominated because of their gender rather then their qualifications, which creates a system of unfairness as merit is not being preferred and people with higher capabilities and higher qualifications are brushed aside by the quota system. ? Women don’t want to get involved in politics because of the perception that women cannot be a part of government. ? Implementation of quotas will create many inter- party conflicts and lead to political instability. Conclusion: The primary objective of quota system is to increase the number of women in the political scenario and clearly represent the under acknowledge gender in the political system. A successful quota arrangement will allow the ample amount of qualified women candidates to be recruited by the political group or party, and a certain number of women will be in the part of the government instead of the few token one’s and lastly it will allow the elected women candidates to enforce their idea’s and their feminist thinking in decision making process. Just to pass a rule to allow women a 30 per cent seats in the parliament is not adequate. Implementation of the quotas is essential. Regulations should be kept clear cut, the vaguer they are, the more the risk of the non-implementation of quota regulations. Implementing the quota system will not silence its critics, as the regulatory body and the supporters of quota system need to understand, that their criticism is not temporary and have to be dealt throughout the future. By introducing quota system in the government bodies, in the past decade, has made considerable rise in the women politicians in most of the countries. These countries experienced a change in the policies and a significant growth in the women decision making. But it also depends upon the women as to how much they are loyal to their respective political parties and how much of the policy of quota is implemented (Tremblay, 2008). Through research it has been shown that women who are engaged in some sort of civil society work have got a higher chance of getting elected then the one’s who don’t and they also enjoy a greater influence on bills and policies then other women. Even if the quota system is implemented many hurdles are still to overcome in all the male-dominated societies. Reference: Niven, David. The Missing Majority: The Recruitment of Women as State Legislative Candidates. Praeger, 1998. International IDEA. Designing for Equality: Best-Fit, Medium-Fit and Non-Favourable Combinations of Electoral Systems and Gender Quotas. International Idea, 2007. Tremblay, Manon. Women and Legislative Representation: Electoral Systems, Political Parties, and Sex Quotas. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Existing Communication Processes Used Within Business Information Technology Essay

Existing Communication Processes Used Within Business Information Technology Essay In todays world survival of organizations depends on communication between employees. When means of communication is not proper the structure of organization collapse. In multinational organizational, communication structure is a series of path through which messages flow. This channel is basically series of steps through which organization communicates with employees. The types of organizational communication structure are Formal and Informal. Through theses structure employee communicates through entire organization. A formal communication structure uses proper channels for information to flow between different levels of organization. The further categories in a formal communication are Downward Communication, Upward Communication, and Lateral Communication. Upward is a communication from junior to senior such as from front line managers to decision makers of organization. Downward is a communication between senior level management with junior level management e.g. CEO transfers its message to accounts department head. Lateral Communication means communication between peers e.g. finance head transfers report to accounts head. An informal communication structure used free communication medium that are not particularly used for organizational information. This includes communication through the grapevine which is the flow of information from one employee to another without any specific manner as a result the end form of information distorted and becomes no more reliable. This is fastest but not at all a reliable means of communication and creates misunderstandings in organization and sometimes severs panic to. An example would be finding co-worker for specific information on issue. Opportunistic Communication happens when employee sees someone and remembers to discuss issue such as passing co-worker in hallway and remembering something. Spontaneous Communication occurs between two people by chance that starts a conversation such as two employees out for a drink see a news report about an issue they are dealing with at work and they start to talk about it. Other classification of organization communication is in two main heads which are Interpersonal communication and Impersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is in between two people e.g. Boss and salesmen, accounts head and finance head, salesmen and employee. Impersonal communication is also called mass communication which is a communication between individual to a massive bulk or audience e.g. CEO of company doing speech after AGM to employees for declaration of bonus. In multinational organization all types of communication take place this is because a multinational organization is wide spread organization with lots of branches in different countries employing different people of all type of culture and nature so every kind of communication is necessarily required. 1.2: Implement changes to the communication system of a multi-national business in order to enhance its  efficiency. Effective communication is a key way of success in a multinational organization. But not every multi national organization has effective communication system. In order to make a communication effective different steps can b taken some of them are discussed below: 1.   Use Multiple Channels for Organizational Communication Main point in effective communication is medium and using one medium for proper communication of message is not at all safer way. This will result in loss of lots of information. So in order to avoid this problem more then one medium must b used to ensure that message is received by the receiver I its original form and positive acknowledgment is achieved. These multiple effective channels include meetings, face-to-face talks, e-mail, faxes, telephone conversations, bulletins, postings, and memos.   The way is adopted to make sure you always use multiple methods to communicate your message, and remove your tension with 100% efficiency guaranty. 2.   Make Important Messages Repetitive Along with multiple channels, organizational communication can b improved by sending important message again and again so that all the employees give most efficient result.   3.   Focus on Listening Listening is a major element in one to one communication. Without proper listening of message neither we can interprets message in its full meaning nor give positive feedback which mean whole communication process got ruined if message is not listened properly.   The reason behind this cause is that we are not at all active listeners. This problem can be resolve by using reflective listening skills, understanding nonverbal cues, focusing more on communicators words instead of preparing message first. The motto for this purpose must b no more talking, just listing.   4.   Get Your Message across After completion of message by communicator the next step taken by the communicator is to make sure that message is communicated exactly in the same meaning and context as he wants the audience to understand. This cans b done by openly asking the receiver about the message and using the same words again and again and he must satisfy only if he gets positive feedback. 5. Use of modern technologies Using of new technologies like multimedia, email, video conferencing etc are important ways of conveying message. 6.   Handle Communication Problems Last but not the least in order to make communication effective at large level the organization must have such people which quickly overcome problem that come across during communication and make communication effective and useful for organization. 1.3: Explain how communication can be divided into discreet stages. Communication is the sharing or exchange of thought by oral, written, or nonverbal means. In order to make communication effective, managers must have communication skills to apply their strategic plans properly. These skills include nonverbal, presentational, or written skills as the manager communicates others, present ideas in meetings, or prepares reports or those higher on the organizational ladder. Different Levels of communication: Following are the ways in which communication process can b divided into different discreet levels. UPWARD AND DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION Information, the backbone of any organization, needs to flow effectively. Successful management requires downward communication to subordinates in order to provide them all necessary information for the achievement of all goals of organization, upward communication to superiors is required so that upper level management can keep an eye on all the matters of organization and can also see whether work is going on as per their plans or not their employees are working as per their expectations any problem between employees can b recognized and solved before it get worst, and horizontal communication to peers in other divisions so that each department knows the condition of other department and can plan their strategies in coordination with them . For example getting a task done by way of delegation is just one point of the managers job. Obtaining the information to do that job, informing others about it and coordinating with others are also important skills. These skills keep the organization working, and increase the visibility and importance of the manager and her division, thus ensuring him that his position is strong and support of employees under him is with him and promotion is also expected. Downward communication is far ahead than passing on information to subordinates and employees on front line. It may involve managing and soothing the tone of the message, as well as showing skill in passing on the jobs to ensure the job is done effectively and efficiently by the right hands. E.g. e-mail from a team leader to the members of the team, remanding him of the next coming deadline, duty to prepare financial statements is given to moa then an engineer etc In upward communication, tone is most important, along with timing, strategy, and audience adaptation. Upward communication keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, coworkers, and the organization in general. Managers also rely on upward communication for ideas on how things can be improved. When there is upward and downward communication then question arise that why their is need of horizontal communication? The answer to this question is that horizontal communication is often necessary to save time and to facilitate subordinates. In some cases this communication is sanctioned formally. More often, they are crated informally to short circuit the vertical hierarchy and expedite action. 1.4: Examine the issues with mass communication when handling larger number of employees. Of all of our inventions for mass communication, pictures still speak the most universally understood language. Mass communication is a communication type in which a sender distributes messages to many people simultaneously. Mass communication is the term used to describe the academic study of the various means by which individuals and entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. In mass communication, the communicator keeps his communication in front of a mass is such easy words and sentences, which they can understand easily. Mass is the term used to for group of people in front of whom the communicator presents his words? We are discussing mass communication at organization level. It may be a boss communicating to his employees. Mass communication is common in multinational companies, business giants and companies operating at large scale. There are many issues in mass communication while handling large number of employees. It is very difficult to handle a large number of employees with different mind filters, perception, education level and cultures. It is not easy for a communicator to interact with the mass so easily. First of all there is a selection problem of an appropriate channel of media for the mass communication. Different communication media can b used but which one is suitable depends on the situation e.g. In a multinational organization introducing a new product and project manager is giving presentation to all the employees starting form top management to front line management for such presentation a proper microphone system along with large screen multimedia is necessary. The media u select is important for checking the effectiveness of your message through mass communication. All media exist to invest our lives with artificial perceptions and arbitrary values the perception of employees differs from person to person in an organization. There is a different point of view to every thing. Each employee takes message in his own perception. Every one has his own way of thinking and its not possible that everyones thinking will match with one to another. So communication does not mean to put your words in front of the people it has other side also is to see their point of views whether message is communicated in its proper context and this is done by feedback . This concept is the base of successful communication. But in Mass communication feedback at such a large level is not possible so communicator is not sure whether he succeeded in achieving its motive or not. The next issue which can arise in mass communication is senders ability to communicate in large mass of audience. If he has excellent and remarkable skills to communicate a message to a big audience, he can win the objective of communication. But a person with weak communicating power will himself make the communication fail. The trust factor is highly involved in mass communication. It is the major issue whiling handling it. If the employees have no trust in you, in your words, then how a message can and objective can be achieved. Give employees a reason to trust you, and keep that trust by sticking to your word and fulfilling your promises. One has to learn to run the obstacle race. It is not that one can jump every obstacle successfully the first time. Learn from your mistakes, get expertise and in this way we can handle all issues of mass communication. 1-5: Write about how culture and gender can change the meaning of communication for different groups of people. When we talk about group of people it includes people of different genders, age, culture, society and perception. In an organization people of all taste are there and it is difficult to manage a message in such a way that the actual objective of senior management can b achieved. This is so because if in an organization there are 100 employees its mean there are 100 different thoughts. Following points explain the impact of variety of people on communication: Interpretationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Every person has its own style to think and to judge a specific situation. Different people with different ages and with different culture see things in different manner e.g. a person may take a narrow deadline as a burden other as a challenge. Difference in gender has strong impact on interpreting a thing. Females always take a situation with much pain and stress as compare to males. Handling stress is easier for a male then a female. Languageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In a group people of different countries are there and all have different language. This is a major issue because the original message being in different language will lost its meaning if not understand properly. Along with this people of different languages will find difficulty to communicate with each other and will enable to do work together. Egoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Factor of ego is very much common in different gender. Mostly employees do not prefer to work with people of different genders. Ego creates problem in coordination and this result in inefficient work and organization falls to meet goals. Religionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ its not possible for people of different religion to communicate, work, spent time, having meals together etc. Because every religion have its own faith, norms, rituals and people with narrow vision and who keep themselves stick to their religious views find it difficult to work with people of other religion and its a bid hurdle in communication. Age factorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Its also one of the factors which relates to gender. Males in old ages are more reluctant towards new things as compare to females. Is hard for males to change their point of view and to see the different view of a picture as compare to females which easily accept changes. Old ages make human weird but males are weirder then females and communication lacks its color like this. Hesitating Nature of Femalesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Culture is important factor which decide the norms of society. Some cultures do not allow females to communicate much with males as a result difficulty in communication takes place. Along with this many other problems takes place also females with narrow vision takes all things negative and disturb the whole organization. 1-6: How can the saying action speaks better than words apply to verbal and non verbal communication. Good communication is basis of perfect professional relations but in a communication we communicate 70% by our gestures then our words. That is way this phrase is best suited for non-verbal and verbal communication that `Action speaks more then words. Non verbal communication is vital form of communication. When we meet people we give and receive uncountable singles which communicates a lot even without speaking any word. These singles are excellent way of define a situation as compare to words. Verbal communication includes only speaking but non-verbal communication includes sounds, way of talking, way of walking, postures, appearance, head moments, hand moments, eye moments, closeness etc. Words are not enough to create a strong relation. Nonverbal communication is necessary to create a good quality relation. Unfortunately people send negative nonverbal clues which leads to problem in business relations. Only words not supported by proper gestures are not enough to hold a situation. Strategies for a nonverbal delivery to make communication effective: 1. Postureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The ways you stand and balance your weight shows your confidence and give impression of your actual personality. Your outward appearance mirrors your inner mood. E.g. when you drip your podium over your shoulder sagging, it gives the feeling of depression and lack of control. 2. Movementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Your controlled and easy moments show your confidence and give impression of your confidence courage and also ability to handle every kind of situation. During conversation or meeting with senior if a junior stick to one position and show no moment it shows his nervousness. There is different type of moments like movement of head in nodding shows a person understands the point of view of communicator, moment of hand during delivering a point shows confidence and better way to make point easy to understand, moments of eyes like winking at some point shows the nervousness of the employee. So movement of every part of body gives a meaning and adds understanding to your point. 3. Gesturesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is a part of kinesics which is science of body moments. Basically hand and arm gestures are used to emphasis a pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to point out somethingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To reject and ideaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to describe a point more clearlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Slapping someone shows anger. Interpretation of gestures is an issue across different culture so avoid using dual meaning gestures. 4. Facial expressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Each organ of your face talks when you communicate with some. Smile or laugh suggests that a topic is interesting one. A frown shows anger or you are worried. Cunning impression of face shows the peak of your anger. It also includes eye contact. The employee who most avoids eye contact with seniors is considered to lack confidence. Eye contact suggest respect and goodwill and adding to a favorable impression of you as a speaker. 5. Body Contactsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Sometimes some acts show your reaction towards someone. E.g. shaking hand with someone shows respect, tapping shoulder shows you are satisfied with your employee etc. These nonverbal acts adds value to relations http://www.4bambini.com/uploads/pics/effective_teaching_016.gif Adopted from: http://www.4bambini.com/uploads/pics/effective_teaching_016.gif 1.7: Using different mediums can lead to different outcomes of a message. Justify the statement with examples. Effective communication is necessary for the rapid growth of an organization but to make the communication effective selection of medium is very important. Selection of medium depends on particular situation of communication. A single medium is not enough or suitable in all the condition. Different mediums as per different situtations are: 1.During interviwes the best possible communication is face 2 face communication. Interviews cannot b held through telephones bec thrugh such medium the interviwer will not b able to judge the nonverble cues of interviwee which is major part in interviwee. 2. Announcment of bonus to employee in multinational organization where number of employees are countless one notice on the noticeboard is not a good medium. Personal letter to every employee is a good way to communicate. 3.Good news are always given through letters where as in case of bad news a telephone call is required in which you can give your sympathy to the receiver by which you can develop good relation even after conveying bad news. 4. In case of any bad situation in organization, for example any fight between departments, a person must be selected to resolve the problem which is liked by all in organization. Selecting a person to resolve problem which is rude, arrogant, dry natured is not a lot favorable in this situation. This will make situation worst. 5. There lies a difference while communicate with stakeholders of the multinational organization and the debtor. While communicating with creditors, shareholders it is necessary to b polite and use proper medium e.g. if using mails the efficient mailing service must b used but while communicating with debtor cheap service is also acceptable. 6. For advertisement purpose such news channel, news papers, social site are used which have high rating and are popular among such type of people to whom we want to convey our message. Using such news channel, news paper etc which is not at all popular and is not like by majority of our product users and employee will not only wastage of time but also will have adverse effect on your business and will result in big loss condition. 7. People like by their acts are also a good medium for message as these people is most likely to b trusted by all and they will b a good way to make other realize our worth. 1.8: What are the impacts of ineffective communication on business and its stakeholders? Justify your answer with examples from real business situations. For interaction and co-operation of human and organization the main compelling weapon is communication. It involves fostering a shared understanding and sharing of ideas between two parties or more. In the achievement of organizational goals and objectives communication is used as a medium of persuasion and used to inform those people who are directly involved in doing the relevant work. There is one author named Akporowho (2008) has defined communication as a medium of exchange of different thinking, ideas, emotions and facts for making a mutual understanding between people or parties. A great roman philosopher Cicero Marcus once said that if the language is not correct then what is said is not what is meant and if what is said is not what is meant, what ought to done remains undone. This improper handling of communication leads towards the ineffective communication. It can be explained as a process in which the message that sender has sent is received in completely different meaning by the receiver. In a crux it is incorrect understanding of the message by the receiver. In global business world many problem arises because of the ineffective communication. The problems of ineffective communication include the biasness, mis-representation and blunder. It also leads towards the poor synchronization, useless control, and failure of management that is unavoidable. Within the organization because of ineffective communication conflicting situation arises and in the result of this information distorted. Because of all the distortion and poor communication misunderstanding arises between organizational departments, individuals and stakeholders; who so ever are involved in the communication process. The other impact of the ineffective communication is the breaking of interactions between human. This may lead to the industrial turbulence between the organization and its stake holders. The ineffective communication in the organization also affects the stake holders. The impact of ineffective communication on stake holders can be the misinterpretation of motives and intentions of the organization for the stake holders. Whatever the organization is communicated the stakeholders are getting its wrong meaning and thus leads towards the misinterpretation. The other problem can be the unfulfilled needs of both parties. If the organizational communication is not effective the employees, customers and all other stake holders cannot communicate their needs. So this would leads towards the un-accomplishment of needs. In organization communication is the way through which people communicate about their current problems and situations. The ineffective communication will lead towards the unresolved problem situation in organization. The other thing that occurs because of the ineffective communication is increased hostility among the people and stake holders of the organization.

Seven Rules For Observational Research Essay -- essays research papers

Seven rules for observational research: how to watch people do stuff Observational research, ethnography, or, in plain English, watching people do stuff, seems to be hot these days. Newsweek touts it ("Enough Talk," August 18, 1997), which means it’s getting to be mainstream, but I find that a lot of clients aren’t very comfortable with it. Certainly, compared to traditional focus groups, mini-groups, or one-on-one interviews, observational research accounts for a pitiably small portion of most research budgets. Yogi Berra’s famous line that "You can observe a lot just by watching" is widely acknowledged, but observation remains the most under-utilized qualitative technique in marketing research. One of the reasons seems to be that many clients (and researchers) just don’t know how to get value out of watching. Nothing sours people on a good approach more permanently than a few "interesting but useless" projects. Learning from watching is, in fact, hard. If you ask a not-very-deep question in a focus group, you still may get a deep and revealing answer. But if you don’t know how to think about what you’ll see when you watch normal people doing stuff, you won’t learn much from it. And in observational research, as in all qualitative research, it’s the "thinking about" that’s the key. Since observation skills don’t get sharpened up in real life the way questioning skills do, you need to train yourself to see, learn, and think when you watch people do stuff. It takes some practice, and some discipline. I don’t pretend to have mastered the art, but I’ve learned some techniques that will help. So here are my "Seven Rules for Observational Research." Look for the ordinary, not the extraordinary Remember the qualitative project when the lady in the third seat on the right side of the table told the story that really made it all come clear to you? You know how you wait behind the mirror for the moderator to show the new concept so you can hear real consumers respond to it for the first time and all the questions that have been running around your mind for weeks will finally be answered? That’s probably not going to happen in an observational study. Most observational projects I’ve worked on have begun with a pretty nervous period while we all get past our first impression that nothing’s happening! People aren... ...go about certain situation etc. All in all, he gives the impression just as he explained at the beginning â€Å"Yogi Berra’s famous line that "You can observe a lot just by watching" is widely acknowledged, but observation remains the most under-utilized qualitative technique in marketing research. â€Å". I agree with Walt Dicke. Although his seven-steps are not literally found in our marketing book, his point should be well addressed. Firms are not really pushing the observation research as they should be. It’s an excellent tool for the marketing researcher to record behavioural patterns as Walt Dickie was trying to point out in Rules 1,2,3. A wide variety of information can be obtained. Although some major disadvantages to observation research are that attitudes, expectations, intentions are not observable, Walt Dickie suggests following rules 4,5,6 to help alleviate from these problems. He also suggests that when the information is gathered that a qualitative analysis be done. Whether it’s time-consuming or not or whether it under-utilized by many one thing is certain and that is that observation is the most direct, and at times the only method for collecting certain data.

Ponder the Meaning of Life With 1984 and The Matrix Essay example --

The film The Matrix, directed by Andy and Lana Wachowski, may seem to be a unique, original storyline to the untrained viewer, but the story of a totalitarian government and a hero who attempts to save the people is far from this. In reality, there are so many similarities that can be seen in other texts that were written and filmed before that it cannot be ignored. In particular, George Orwell’s 1984 has a similar government that controls its people and a â€Å"hero†, Winston, who is also searching for the truth. Winston lives Oceania where Big-Brother and â€Å"The Party† schedule your entire lives telling when to sleep, eat, and work and keep you under constant surveillance. This is similar in The Matrix, where most of the humans lived in a computer-programmed world which is also constantly surveyed by government authorities. The Wachowski siblings’ film, The Matrix, connects with the concept of dystopia as expressed in George Orwell’s novel, 198 4, by referring to a totalitarian government and the lack of choices, which it accomplishes through the introduction of new surveillance technology, comparing two worlds, and a hero’s journey to liberate the people. The use of new surveillance technology in both 1984 and The Matrix helps to make a world in which people are truly living under complete control believable. In The Matrix, it is possible to hack into the Matrix world, but the government is easily able to detect where the hack is happening and catch up to the hackers. One example in the film is when Neo goes with Morpheous and his crew back to the â€Å"Matrix† world and the government agents quickly catch up with them, breaks into their â€Å"warehouse†, and nearly stops them from leaving to go back to the real world. The government is an omn... ... point that the Wachowski’s are making: freedom and choices give life meaning. We can easily see how the Wachowski’s drew from similar ideas as Orwell in 1984, but has a more hopeful ending. Both texts use surveillance to show how the people are under complete control and show us a world where people believe the lies and are trapped in. The one major difference is that one text does not give us hope and belief that things can be changed, while the other one does. The Matrix does that latter. They give us hope by showing characters that live in a real world with freedoms and are happy. Neo’s life does have a meaning and a purpose. Without seeing the same conclusion in 1984, but with a depressing ending, one would not be able to see as clearly in The Matrix that having freedom and choices is what gives life meaning and we must strive to always keep our freedoms. Ponder the Meaning of Life With 1984 and The Matrix Essay example -- The film The Matrix, directed by Andy and Lana Wachowski, may seem to be a unique, original storyline to the untrained viewer, but the story of a totalitarian government and a hero who attempts to save the people is far from this. In reality, there are so many similarities that can be seen in other texts that were written and filmed before that it cannot be ignored. In particular, George Orwell’s 1984 has a similar government that controls its people and a â€Å"hero†, Winston, who is also searching for the truth. Winston lives Oceania where Big-Brother and â€Å"The Party† schedule your entire lives telling when to sleep, eat, and work and keep you under constant surveillance. This is similar in The Matrix, where most of the humans lived in a computer-programmed world which is also constantly surveyed by government authorities. The Wachowski siblings’ film, The Matrix, connects with the concept of dystopia as expressed in George Orwell’s novel, 198 4, by referring to a totalitarian government and the lack of choices, which it accomplishes through the introduction of new surveillance technology, comparing two worlds, and a hero’s journey to liberate the people. The use of new surveillance technology in both 1984 and The Matrix helps to make a world in which people are truly living under complete control believable. In The Matrix, it is possible to hack into the Matrix world, but the government is easily able to detect where the hack is happening and catch up to the hackers. One example in the film is when Neo goes with Morpheous and his crew back to the â€Å"Matrix† world and the government agents quickly catch up with them, breaks into their â€Å"warehouse†, and nearly stops them from leaving to go back to the real world. The government is an omn... ... point that the Wachowski’s are making: freedom and choices give life meaning. We can easily see how the Wachowski’s drew from similar ideas as Orwell in 1984, but has a more hopeful ending. Both texts use surveillance to show how the people are under complete control and show us a world where people believe the lies and are trapped in. The one major difference is that one text does not give us hope and belief that things can be changed, while the other one does. The Matrix does that latter. They give us hope by showing characters that live in a real world with freedoms and are happy. Neo’s life does have a meaning and a purpose. Without seeing the same conclusion in 1984, but with a depressing ending, one would not be able to see as clearly in The Matrix that having freedom and choices is what gives life meaning and we must strive to always keep our freedoms.

Say Yes by Tobias Wolff & Bread by Sandra Cisneros :: Race Relationships Love

Say Yes by Tobias Wolff If two people love each other regardless of any difference they may have, then why are there† lots of things to consider†( paragraph 36)? Answer the question within the context of the story. According to the context, the â€Å"lots of things to consider† is referring to the race, background by the husband. In his opinion, beside whether love this person or not, race, ethics background is also a very important factor to consider whether they should marry or not. He stated that if two people are not from the same race, they are not in the same culture, they have different language. People from different race never know each other. Compare the husband’s actions to his wife’s reactions. Are these people understanding each other? If he had said yes, would their relationship have changed? If so, how? From the husband’s action to his wife’s reaction, they didn’t understand each other much even though the husband was trying to show how considerate he is. But he failed to understand what his wife truly wants to hear and wants to see in the conversation on the matter of â€Å"whether white people should marry black people.† In the husband’s view he thinks that it was ridiculous to think this kind of question when his wife asked him whether he will marry her if she were black. He thinks that it will never happen. If it happened, his wife will be another person but not the same her anymore. In his views, as he never think that this two race should get marry, he will not allow himself to fall in love or even date a black girl. He is telling the truth and trying to explaining that to his wife. However he failed to realized that that was not what his wife wanted to hear. In fact from the context we can guessed for his wife, it’s not the greatest m atter on whether white people should marry black people, what she matters is whether they love each other of not. For her, she thinks that if two people love each other, everything can be solved and race is not a big deal. She wants her husband to agree with this and showed that he will love her and marry her no matter what race she is. Bread by Sandra Cisneros This story, in some ways, is about crossing borders.

Cigarette Law Reinforced

Have you ever been around someone smoking? Yuck right, well almost half of the world’s children breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke, which worsens asthma and causes dangerous disease. America has a problem with smoking, an estimated 430,000 Americans die each year from the effects of cigarette smoking. But the real problem is not just people smoking but it is when people toss their cigarette buds out their car window. About 240 million cigarette buds are thrown on the ground a year by the U. S.  alone, these buds eventually wash down into streams, lakes, rivers and bays causing massive pollution. This is why there should be a larger penalty for people who are caught throwing cigarette buds on the ground whether it be walking down the street on in a car. An estimated 4. 5 trillion cigarette buds are tossed worldwide which end up in waterways and oceans, leaking traces of how toxic chemicals found in cigarette smoke take 12 years to decompose. By creating a harsher punishmen t would make people think twice about smoking while inside their cars and blowing it out to the cars beside them.It has been estimated that half of the world’s children have breathed in second hand smoke from other cars, what would seem like a small amount to you could be very damaging to a developing child’s lungs. Also it could possibly be damaging to adults who are stuck in traffic for hours a day just breathing the toxic air you are polluting which doesn’t affect just the one or two people next to you, the smoke can travel through the air into people’s lungs without you or them even knowing it.The polluted air that children and adults are breathing in, maybe on a daily bases, has been known to hold over 4,000 chemical compounds, 60 of which are known to cause to cause many diseases. Creating a harsher punishment for cigarette pollution could not only save the world but save people too. Making a stricter law would not only stop people from littering, b ut it would also benefit the economy. Tobacco companies spend over 4 billion dollars each year on advertising and promotion of their deadly products.Also smoking costs the nation over $100 billion per year in health care costs and lost productivity, that's about $398 per American each year. In Washington State there is record of $1. 3 billion dollars spent each year on health care costs associated with caring for people with tobacco related illnesses. This is what is destroying the economy and putting America in a national debt. Last the cost of a pack of cigarettes averages around $4. 50 to $5, including taxes, depending on where you live.Using the lower number, a pack-a-day smoker burns through about $31.50 per week, or $1,638 per year. That could be used for a house payment or a nice vacation with the family. A 40-year-old who quits smoking and puts the savings into a 401(k) earning 9% a year would have nearly $250,000 by age 70. So making a stricter law would benefit the economy and yourself in expenses. Studies have shown that 50% of a life time smokers die because of diseases from the tar and many other chemicals put into their bodies. Scientists have proven that if you smoke a pack a day, then you die on an average 10 years sooner.Each cigarette takes 11 minutes off of your life expectancy. All smokers think that by smoking they are only damaging their health. They are ignorant about the fact that their smoking is indirectly affecting others health. And they are one of the direct contributors to the environmental pollution. If people had harsher punishment for littering cigarette buds onto the ground they would realize that smoking isn’t really worth its while after paying off all their fines and maybe even time in jail.Some people may argue that actually enforcing such a punishment would cost too much money on the government, the police department and the process it would have to go through to actually become a law. But with an estimated 48. 2 m illion smokers in the U. S. the economy would gain a great deal of money from an estimated 100-700 people who drop their cigarettes on the ground and could be fined for the act of littering. While not only does the pollution from the cigarettes leave a permanent scar on earth it also kills 440,000 people a year and making stricter laws would help this large number of deaths decrease.Even though it may be pricey for the process of this becoming a law it would benefit the U. S. citizens from death. In conclusion, people should not have to be forced to put their bodies at risk of second hand smoke and the earth should not have to be polluted by people who chose to ruin their lives and others by smoking. By creating a law saying that if one is littering their cigarette anywhere they should have to pay a major fine, depending if it is their first offense or not, or do time in jail. Pollution is a serious problem and needs to be solved quickly before our air becomes permanently damaged.

Sexual Harassment Case Study

Individual show window get hold of 1 1. Is in that respect a boldness of inner torment in this blot or is it provided maneuver? This is a mooring of sexual agony because the vergeinology and actions of crevice employees ultimately gather in Rosetta intercept her melodic phrase. The technical definition of bedevilment is when members of an musical arrangement come up to an employee in a antithetic way of life overdue to that soulfulnesss sex, race, religion, age, and etcetera Harassment a corresponding includes unwelcomed remarks or jokes which get a ample the employee flavor un roaring.These guys that Rosetta had been melting with, as she menti mavin(a)d were fashioning remarks and petition uneasy questions regarding her individualised relationships (asking closely her boyfriend, asking intimate flesh fall out and asking if she prefers Canadian men e preciseplace Italian men), the guys do waterlogged jokes and deliberately made sure that Rose tta heard them, which is a nonher sign of torment its causes Rosetta to tone inconvenient and disconcert at her workplace (somewhere where she should odor comfortable and fail-safe).Not only, do these guys make dirty jokes, scarcely the double-decker, Al too contri moreoveres and encourages these guys disregarding if its making some other employee uncomfortable. These guys make fun of Rosetta when she comes into work, with remarks like calling her risotto which in Italian means sieve with gravy, non only is this an unwelcomed remark, its taunting her and overbearing towards her Italian culture. a nonher(prenominal) bring in is worrying is displaying is offense or pornographic items in a workplace milieu.According to Rosetta, these guys post centrefolds pinned on their machines, which argon pictures of au naturel(predicate) or close nude women. This is highly unfitting for the work milieu and makes Rosetta uncomfortable. When Rosetta asked these men from refra ining to asking maladroit and inappropriate questions and to generate her altogether, they said that Italians be expert braggarts which is derogatory and condescending term against her race. informal anguish a form of harassment, was withal present in this situation.Sexual harassment has ternion different indications the world-class one being that the encounters must be unwelcomed to the complainant, expressly or implicitly known by the respondent to be unwelcomed. This applies to this situation because Rosetta allow the guys knows that she did not like the remarks by sayings leave me alone and mind your own crinkle and they slake expand to make remarks which leads to the assist trait conduct must continue disrespect the complainant protests, finally the third gear characteristic is complainants cooperation must be due to body of work related threats.Rosetta suffered and took the harassment for so vast from the fear of the passenger car, and being shoot fr om her railway line. 2. If you were Eva, what would-and could-you do? What atomic number 18 the options? What is the probability of achievement of distri exceptively option? Rosetta faced substantiative organized in reachity, which indicates that in that location is no innovation to discriminate, however the system, arrangements, or policies allow it to happen. To fetch with, Eva could name conferenceed to the Manager, which she had and it didnt lead her to compulsory results.So, she could each go above the theater director or go directly to the sympathetic alternative de doweryment of that company. This is a long process, which has some another(prenominal) steps so Eva could sp be to go to the Canadian charitable Rights Commission. The Canadian man Rights Act is a national right that permits contrast any subject low national jurisdiction, for archetype banks, airlines, government agencies, radio and TV companies. Areas that be not cover merely the national jurisdiction are covered by the provincial human rights act.The Canadian piece Rights Commission (CHRC) is there to negociate and carry through any action under the Canadian Human Rights Act. Any person/ root word that has reasonable ground to retrieve that they deem been discriminated against has the right to send with CHRC. For Eva to taradiddle harassment has taken place against Rosetta, she must first take permission from Rosetta, differently there is a chance that her boot could be rejected. However, there are many things that Rosetta has to be careful with, the CHRC does not hope cathexiss that are over a social class old, if the bang seems trivial or made in bad faith.Eva must history this conundrum immediately with the correct produce so her complaint wouldnt be dismissed. afterward Eva has filed the complaint, it leave behind be advance investigated. It leave either be govern as substantiated or non-substantiation, if ruled substantiated, (in frequent of complainant) and so an attempt to make a colonisation will be made. If no extermination is made, wherefore the Human Rights administration table can be appointed to promote investigate the complaint. If they find that there was difference against Rosetta, then she will be compensate as seen appropriate.Eva can also file a complaint with the Ontario Human Rights laws and commission, which will investigate the complaint (also with the admit of Rosetta) and a dependency will be offered to retaliate both parties if no settlement is reached, then complaint will be further investigated. Both these processes are in truth long, but proven in favour of the complaint many clock. However, there are times where there is no discrimination/harassment found in the case.Another thing Eva could do is try to give the vocation truth architectural plan inwardly the organization. This computer programme (usually work out by employers) is used to relax historic business discrimination and clog afterlife discrimination and create equal employment opportunity within the company. Eva, with the tending of the HR department could use this program and the face of Rosetta to prevent future situations like this by educating the employees or so the laws, and diversity. It can also back up undo the harassment that Rosetta faced. . What are Als responsibilities in this typesetters case? Did he carry them out healthy? wherefore or why not? Employers, or handlers get down one fundamental righteousness towards their employees, which is to provide a safe environment for their employees and Al, as the manager perished to do so. The job of managers/supervisors is to know the law and to implement it within their organization/team. His state is to be advised of what harassment is, different types of harassments and the signs of chevvy workers.His responsibility as a manager was to chuck a fire to the harassment and discrimination Rosetta was facin g, and report those employees to the Human Resources division or to the CHRC. Not only did he fail to put a stop to the harassment, he failed to report it and was also part pickings in the harassment by boost the jokes those guys were making that made Rosetta feel uncomfortable. Another responsibility of a manager is to have unattackable communication not only within the team members but good employee-to-manager communication which is failed to establish with Rosetta.She did not feel comfortable talking to her manager about the harassment, which ultimately made her sidetrack her job because she felt she had no one to talk to and ask for help. Al, also fails to mark the harassment happening and blames it on Rosetta not being able to take the jokes light and took the accusation of Rosetta being harassed very lightly. He did not carry his responsibilities out surface for the reasons stated above, he created an unsafe, uncomfortable environment for one of his employees.Sexual Har assment Case StudyIndividual Case Study 1 1. Is there a case of sexual harassment in this situation or is it only fun? This is a case of sexual harassment because the words and actions of fellow employees ultimately made Rosetta quit her job. The technical definition of harassment is when members of an organization treat an employee in a different manner due to that persons sex, race, religion, age, and etc. Harassment also includes unwelcomed remarks or jokes which make the employee feel uncomfortable.These guys that Rosetta had been working with, as she mentioned were making remarks and asking uncomfortable questions regarding her personal relationships (asking about her boyfriend, asking intimate details and asking if she prefers Canadian men over Italian men), the guys made dirty jokes and purposely made sure that Rosetta heard them, which is another sign of harassment its causes Rosetta to feel awkward and embarrassed at her workplace (somewhere where she should feel comfortab le and safe).Not only, do these guys make dirty jokes, but the manager, Al also contributes and encourages these guys regardless if its making another employee uncomfortable. These guys make fun of Rosetta when she comes into work, with remarks like calling her Risotto which in Italian means rice with gravy, not only is this an unwelcomed remark, its taunting her and insulting towards her Italian culture. Another form is harassment is displaying is offensive or pornographic items in a workplace environment.According to Rosetta, these guys post centrefolds pinned on their machines, which are pictures of nude or almost nude women. This is highly inappropriate for the work environment and makes Rosetta uncomfortable. When Rosetta asked these men from refraining to asking awkward and inappropriate questions and to leave her alone, they said that Italians are just braggarts which is derogatory and condescending term against her race. Sexual harassment a form of harassment, was also prese nt in this situation.Sexual harassment has three different characteristics the first one being that the encounters must be unwelcomed to the complainant, expressly or implicitly known by the responder to be unwelcomed. This applies to this situation because Rosetta let the guys knows that she did not like the remarks by sayings leave me alone and mind your own business and they still continue to make remarks which leads to the second characteristic conduct must continue despite the complainant protests, finally the third characteristic is complainants cooperation must be due to employment related threats.Rosetta suffered and took the harassment for so long from the fear of the manager, and being fired from her job. 2. If you were Eva, what would-and could-you do? What are the options? What is the probability of success of each option? Rosetta faced indirect systematic discrimination, which indicates that there is no intention to discriminate, but the system, arrangements, or policie s allow it to happen. To begin with, Eva could have talked to the Manager, which she had and it didnt lead her to positive results.So, she could either go above the manager or go directly to the Human Resource department of that company. This is a long process, which has many steps so Eva could choose to go to the Canadian Human Rights Commission. The Canadian Human Rights Act is a federal law that permits discrimination anything under federal jurisdiction, for example banks, airlines, government agencies, radio and TV companies. Areas that are not covered but the federal jurisdiction are covered by the provincial human rights act.The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) is there to supervise and implement any action under the Canadian Human Rights Act. Any person/group that has reasonable ground to believe that they have been discriminated against has the right to file with CHRC. For Eva to report harassment has taken place against Rosetta, she must first take permission from Ro setta, otherwise there is a chance that her complaint could be rejected. However, there are many things that Rosetta has to be careful with, the CHRC does not accept complaints that are over a year old, if the complaint seems trivial or made in bad faith.Eva must report this problem immediately with the correct proof so her complaint wouldnt be dismissed. After Eva has filed the complaint, it will be further investigated. It will either be ruled as substantiated or non-substantiation, if ruled substantiated, (in support of complainant) then an attempt to make a settlement will be made. If no settlement is made, then the Human Rights Tribunal Panel can be appointed to further investigate the complaint. If they find that there was discrimination against Rosetta, then she will be compensated as seen appropriate.Eva can also file a complaint with the Ontario Human Rights laws and commission, which will investigate the complaint (also with the consent of Rosetta) and a settlement will be offered to satisfy both parties if no settlement is reached, then complaint will be further investigated. Both these processes are very long, but proven in favour of the complaint many times. However, there are times where there is no discrimination/harassment found in the case.Another thing Eva could do is try to implement the employment equity program within the organization. This program (usually run by employers) is used to undo past employment discrimination and prevent future discrimination and create equal employment opportunity within the company. Eva, with the help of the HR department could use this program and the example of Rosetta to prevent future situations like this by educating the employees about the laws, and diversity. It can also help undo the harassment that Rosetta faced. . What are Als responsibilities in this instance? Did he carry them out well? Why or why not? Employers, or managers have one basic responsibility towards their employees, which is to provid e a safe environment for their employees and Al, as the manager failed to do so. The job of managers/supervisors is to know the law and to implement it within their organization/team. His responsibility is to be aware of what harassment is, different types of harassments and the signs of harassed workers.His responsibility as a manager was to put a stop to the harassment and discrimination Rosetta was facing, and report those employees to the Human Resources Department or to the CHRC. Not only did he fail to put a stop to the harassment, he failed to report it and was also part taking in the harassment by encouraging the jokes those guys were making that made Rosetta feel uncomfortable. Another responsibility of a manager is to have good communication not only within the team members but good employee-to-manager communication which is failed to establish with Rosetta.She did not feel comfortable talking to her manager about the harassment, which ultimately made her quit her job beca use she felt she had no one to talk to and ask for help. Al, also fails to recognize the harassment happening and blames it on Rosetta not being able to take the jokes lightly and took the accusation of Rosetta being harassed very lightly. He did not carry his responsibilities out well for the reasons stated above, he created an unsafe, uncomfortable environment for one of his employees.